Almost two-thirds of Scottish B&B owners are considering shutting their doors over a new law on short-term lets, according to a trade body.
The Scottish Bed and Breakfast Association has urged the first minister to delay the scheme, arguing it will hit tourism and jobs.
But Humza Yousaf has said the licensing regulations have public support and are the "right thing to do".
The new law requires short-let operators apply for a licence by October 1.
Application fees vary between different councils, but some property owners could face bills of several hundred pounds.
It is just the latest part of a long-running battle over what to do about the recent boom in homes being used for short-term letting.
Licence needed
All short-term let (STL) accommodation must now have a licence and anyone failing to apply can be fined up to £2,500.
The Scottish Government came up with the plan to deal with the growth of the STL market in hot spots such as Edinburgh.
Platforms such as Airbnb have proved popular with tourists wanting to visit the city.
The BBC says the boom brought a spate of complaints about anti-social behaviour from tenants and concerns that it was contributing to a lack of affordable housing in Edinburgh.
Similar concerns have been brought up concerning rural housing around the country.
Research published last March by the Association of Scotland's Self-Caterers claimed that the estimated average licence fee in Scotland would be £514 per property for three years.
Importance to the economy
Ministers have said the scheme recognises the importance to the economy of the STL sector as a means of offering flexible accommodation for tourists and workers.
However, they say they had to respond to public concerns about the impact of such lets on local communities, including affordable housing supply, noise and anti-social behaviour.
But the move has proven controversial within the tourism industry. It has already been delayed by six months and STL operators have been calling for a further delay amid claims that few of them have signed up with little over a month to go before the deadline.