Latest figures from the Accountant in Bankruptcy (AiB) show there were 1,272 corporate insolvencies registered in Scotland in 2025, marginally up from 1,236 in 2024 and 1,234 in 2023.
Compulsory liquidations were 13% higher than in 2024, and 23% higher than in 2023. In December 2025, there were 111 company insolvencies registered in Scotland, 35% higher than the number in December 2024.
Blair Milne, Glasgow-based corporate insolvency partner at international accountancy and business advisory group Azets, said: “The number of corporate insolvencies in 2025 is slightly up on 2024. The trend is clear: management teams and business owners continue to face a volatile and uncertain operating environment.
“This pressure is becoming the norm over the medium term, with no respite on the horizon. For many, continuing to trade after years of economic and political turbulence is simply becoming too difficult.
“Turnaround options and access to finance are becoming increasingly limited, and key creditors, in particular HMRC, are taking an increasingly tougher stance on chasing down debt.
“Compulsory liquidations were 13% higher in 2025 than in 2024, and 23% higher than in 2023. CVLs (Creditors’ voluntary liquidations), administrations, CVAs and receivership appointments were all similar to the numbers seen in 2024. Of the 111 insolvencies in December 2025, 69 were CVLs, 35 were compulsory liquidations and seven were administrations. There were no CVAs or receivership appointments in the month.
“CVLs, when directors bow to the inevitable and voluntarily close an insolvent company unable to pay its debts, continue to be the most commonly used corporate insolvency process and remain well-above pre-pandemic levels.
Blair Milne, corporate insolvency partner, Azets
“The increases to Employers’ National Insurance and National Minimum Wage have hit firms hard. Both came after years of rising costs, shrinking margins and cautious customer spending. This has been the final straw for many firms who were struggling to stay solvent.
“Businesses also had to contend with inflation remaining above target levels, interest rates not falling as fast as predicted, and the ripple effect of the US tariffs which were announced in the first half of 2025.
“The retail and leisure sectors have been some of the hardest hit. A bleak Black Friday and a dull Golden Quarter (October to December) were a body blow for retailers at the end of a tough year, and came at a time when many were desperate for a financial shot in the arm.
“We expect the High Street will continue to be hit hard in 2026 as the bigger retailers cut costs and sites, and the struggling smaller ones either close or move towards an online model, and ultimately, this is likely to lead to the High Street contracting further.
“The construction industry has also suffered with rising material and staff costs becoming unsustainable for businesses in a sector that runs on tight margins, long payment times and legacy contracts whose predicted profits may not materialise once the job has been completed.
“While the industry appears more confident about its fortunes this year, cost, labour and payment pressures will continue to affect firms as much in 2026 as they did in the previous 12 months.”
Blair added: “Anyone worried about their business should seek advice as soon as possible – and the best time to do this is as soon as the signs of financial distress appear.
“Falling cashflow, rising stock levels, missed payment deadlines and worries about paying staff, taxes or suppliers are all warning signs that a firm could be at risk of becoming insolvent.
“If you see any of these in your business, that’s the time to pick up the phone and speak to an adviser.
“We know it’s a hard conversation to have but the sooner you start it, the sooner you’ll be in a position to take steps to improve your situation, and the more options you’ll have to turn it and your business around.”
Azets is a UK top 10 accountancy and business advisory firm, with offices in Aberdeen, Ayr, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness and Perth.